A multilaterális fejlesztési bankok működési elve, tevékenysége és csoportosítása

Letölthető pdf

Ár: 
300 Ft
A vásárláshoz regisztráció szükséges.
Mácsik Zoltán
Lapszám: 
49. évfolyam 2005/7-8
Oldalszám: 
81–98. o.
Kivonat: 

Magyarország a múlt évben csatlakozott az Európai Beruházási Bankhoz (EIB), amely jelenleg a legnagyobb európai hitelkihelyezéssel rendelkező multilaterális fejlesztési bank. E jelentős esemény alkalmából időszerű áttekinteni az Európai Beruházási Bank és az ahhoz hasonló multilaterális fejlesztési bankok működését és főbb jellemzőit, illetve azok viszonyát Magyarországhoz. Az uniós csatlakozás miatt kevesebb visszhangot kapott Magyarország csatlakozása az Európai Beruházási Bankhoz, ami pedig az előbbi szerves részét képezi. Mivel az Európai Beruházási Bank az uniótól elkülönült jogi személyiség, a csatlakozás is külön folyamat. Az Európai Beruházási Bankhoz való csatlakozás a magyar gazdaságpolitika szempontjából számos előnnyel járhat.

English summary
The functioning, activity and categories of Multilateral Development Banks
Synopsis: 

This article presents the functioning and activities of Multilateral Development Banks (MDB). After presenting the individual Banks, the Author recommends criterions to categorize them, according to their functioning, structure and activities. The enlargement of the European Investment Bank as a conclusion of the enlargement of the European Union in 2004 gives particular actuality to this article, although the enlargement of the EIB has been a longer process, and has received less public attention.

After a short definition of Multilateral Development Banks and their distinction from other international financial institutions and other entities, the article outlines the functioning of Multilateral Development Banks. MDBs are established by its member states, but in practice they are funded by private investors. From the point of view of the subscriber states, this model offers a cheap method for financing the aim of the particular Multilateral Development Bank. However member states are liable for the repayment of the loans received by the MDBs. After a general presentation, the article intends to justify this model through a practical outline of the functioning of the European Investment Bank. This article gives a more detailed presentation of the Multilateral Development Banks currently active in Europe, and outlines briefly the other, sometimes less known MDBs. The classification of Multilateral Development Banks is based on three criterions. The first is based on their functioning. The single polar and bi-polar models differ in their positions of interest. In the single polar model (for example in the case of the Council of Europe Development Bank) the main owners are at the same time the main borrowers as well (sometimes on a proportionate basis), while in the bi-polar model the main subscribers do not borrow from the bank (for example World Bank’s IBRD). The second, structure based criterion distinguishes Multilateral Development Banks that are horizontally divided into a number of international financial institutions, from those that are vertically integrated into a structure of international organisations. The last criterion is based on the regional aspect, and divides the Multilateral Development Banks into global, regional and sub-regional banks.